Article critique example apa
Thursday, August 27, 2020
americas longest war essays
americas longest war articles A war that started in the mid 1950s and finished in the 1973. Vietnam had picked up its autonomy from France in 1954. The nation was isolated into North and South. The North had a socialist government drove by Ho Chi Minh. The South had an enemy of socialist government drove by Ngo Dinh Diem. The United States upheld an enemy of socialist system known as the Republic of Vietnam, which is the South Vietnam. The U.S. needed to keep South Vietnam from tumbling to the socialists, which in the long run drove the United States to battle a significant local war. The socialist incredible forces that upheld South Asia were the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. The U.S. inclusion in Vietnam started during the organization of Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961), which sent US military to South Vietnam. John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) chose to submit American help troops to South Vietnam. By the start of 1964, America had around 17,000 soldiers in Vietnam. The soldiers were sent toward the south piece of Vietnam to exhort and prepare the Vietnamese military. The war was costing 2,000 million dollars consistently. Because of this the costs of numerous products in the United States started to rise. The estimation of the dollar started to drop. The outcome was swelling. President Johnson accepted that the United States needed to help South Vietnam. Numerous different Americans concurred. They accepted that without American assistance, South Vietnam would get socialist. A few Americans lost control and were against the war numerous enemy of war showings occurred in the urban areas of San Francisco and Chicago, numerous understudies started to dissent. They needed the war to end rapidly. At that point the North assaulted the South Vietnam making it difficult for some Americans to accept that the socialists could really dispatch such a significant assault against South Vietnam. Because of the absence of procedure ... <!
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Handling Multicultural Environment Essay Example for Free
Taking care of Multicultural Environment Essay Any single culture is multidimensional, and in this season of globalization, individuals having a place with different societies are sharing normal work environment where they will undoubtedly cooperate with each other. This circumstance positively requires an intensive preparing on social competency for all individuals from any multicultural association, and particularly for the administrators who have the activity to bind together all representatives points and desires with the objectives of their organization. Such an assignment is actually quite difficult; as there is plenty of occurrences where social contrast has broken the fantasies of the organization. Be that as it may, there is no lack of inverse cases as well, where fruitful usage of multicultural way of thinking has acquired practical upper hand for the organizations. In any case, this situation proves the significance of genuinely thinking about association as culture and embracing right strides to accomplish the status of a good 'ol fashioned multicultural association. With this perspective, this paper investigates how the associations can grant quality preparing to their chiefs, other than assessing the adequacy of the built up hypotheses/thoughts on this issue, before arriving at its own decision. Multicultural Environment Any work environment including representatives from beyond what one culture can be known as a multicultural association. Here the word culture contains a few translation, however by and large, it talk about a bundle of discernment, conviction and obtained conduct process, containing components like learned and shared qualities, convictions and practices to a specific gathering of individuals (Yamashita, 2004). Then again, multiculturalism is a Doctrine affirming estimation of various societies existing together inside single society; comprehensively, vision of social decent variety intentionally cultivated and secured (Globalization, 2000). In plain words, it is an idea of adjusting different societies to fill a typical need. Regular Problems in Multicultural Environment Problems happen when social contrast and therefore, distinction in discernment about a specific issue/act/custom/or strategy remains between the people or gatherings. Such circumstances can happen whenever at any multicultural set up, which can start with little contrasts like significance of a word, dietary patterns, or strict practice, whatever, and that can fuel a greater arrangement of distinction, if not auspicious diffused. For instance, the word, monkey contains trace of prejudice in certain pieces of the world, while it is just a straightforward meaning of primate in the other. Presently on the off chance that somebody from that exceptional piece of the world is known as a monkey, s/he may respond angrily, regardless of how guiltless the guest is. Naturally, such channel commotions , are the result of ones obliviousness about others culture. Explicit Problems in Multicultural Environment This happens when social distinction places spanner during the time spent work. This as well, can rise out of different circumstances like administrators or representatives predispositions about their way of life, or from obliviousness about what implies what. It isn't unprecedented for an administrator to discover trouble in providing food a multicultural crowd at one go, if a portion of the individuals don't comprehend chiefs communicated in language, or their colloquialisms sound inept to their ears. This again focuses towards the significance of preparing to the tune of multicultural way of thinking. Speculations for Help No issue how much people built up their science and innovation, they are yet to find a gadget that would have the option to decipher ones idea for another. It is consequently, the well established craftsmanship and study of viable correspondence despite everything does something amazing for each circle of life and it is in actuality the oxygen of any multicultural association. In this way it is appropriate to make reference to around two such speculations out of many, to clarify how hypotheses can make all the difference for the administrators of multicultural associations. What these speculations do is, they structure the establishment of comprehension among people, which is the prime condition to transcend any social inclinations and to acknowledge the way that people are largely equivalent at their cellars. ERG Theory This is an ad libbed form of Abraham Maslows (1908-1970) well known model of Hierarchy of Needs (Maslows, 2008), made by Clayton Alderfer after delayed research, which includes greater adaptability in deciding the requirements of a person, which it does by reorienting the components from Maslows model into three fragments like Existence (E) â⬠It includes physiological and wellbeing needs. Relatedness (R) â⬠It contains social and outside regard needs. Development (G) Self-completion and inner regard needs. (ERG, 2007). Claytons model permits to set the request for needs as per the current need structure of a representative, other than giving the degree to seek after various needs all the while. In like manner, organization can persuade any person on any of the E, R or G needs â⬠while taking care of a people E need (say, where a representative needs a wellbeing measure), the organization can take care of similar people R needs (like granting her for her accomplishment) and G needs (drafting the person in the research organization of the office). Hope Value Theory Founded by Martin Fishbein in the 1970-s, proposing that individuals shape themselves to the world as per their desires/convictions and assessments (Expectancy, 2004). This fills in as a pointer to the way that conduct or social aims or perspectives advance out of hope and assessment, where the hope is a thought regarding a circumstance or item and assessment is ones estimation about the effect of that thought/circumstance/object on any plane. Speculations Groom Visionà If the whole group of a working environment can receive a dream in the light of the Expectancy Value Theory, where they would expect that they are given to the aggregate objective. When outfitted with this vision, the accompanying zones of correspondence would accept another turn as the result of reorientation of ones way to deal with the world: Intrapersonal correspondence: The vision would make the worker think like Im connected to a significant organ of the general public and therefore I have greater obligation to live up to its desires. Correspondence with customers: The vision will make the workers increasingly patient and looking into speaking with customers having a place with another culture. Group Communication: There would be less clash of inner self or other minor regions of individual interests, as the more noteworthy reason will impact all individuals to adjust their methodology towards the apparent objective (accomplishing elevated requirements of administration).
Friday, August 21, 2020
250 Words Essay Samples For Scholarship
250 Words Essay Samples For ScholarshipIf you are planning to create your own essay and you think you have a lot of blank paper to fill, then you should know that the amount of people who are trying to do so is growing every year. This is why you should know how to create a well-structured essay with the help of these 250 words essay samples for scholarship.This type of essay is going to be mainly focused on getting the student to perform a research study, as a way to gain admission to a specific school or college. You should note that this scholarship requires you to research a topic and present it in an essay format. In fact, this scholarship is for high school students, but most colleges and universities are accepting applications from anyone.To help you get started, there are scholarship sample documents that you can read. It would be a good idea for you to read these documents and decide which one you will use for your essay. If you want to write your own, then you should make s ure that your paper is based on the topic alone. There are no connections between the essay and the topic.When it comes to finding college scholarship, it's good for you to know that there are several types of programs that you can apply for. The first one is called essay scholarships, which are available to high school seniors who have strong writing skills. To find out more about this kind of scholarship, you should first start by using the internet.When you start your search, you should note that it helps to know the student's personality and academic background. By doing this, you can come up with a sample essay that fits the requirements of the scholarship.For example, there are some kinds of essays that focus on literature composition. However, if you want to have a longer essay, you should consider making one that focuses on some of the areas of English composition. In fact, this scholarship works best for the student who writes on different areas of composition, but for the purpose of earning admission into a specific college or university, a focus on composition is the best option.In general, there are certain criteria that the high school student will have to meet before they can apply for this scholarship. These include having an interest in poetry, painting, or writing, as well as a passion for a certain genre of literature. You should also make sure that you have writing skills that are above average.You should also take note that there are many essay samples for scholarship that you can find online. While this might be the easiest way to apply for the scholarship, you should remember that this will only work if you know what you are doing.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Interrupt Science Essay - 802 Words
interrupt science classes; it would provide the option, without violating studentsââ¬â¢ rights to practice their beliefs, religious or not. 2.) It is discouraged by the AAR to use guest speakers unless they have training or background in religious studies (Moore, 2010 p.23). Although this guide is written for the study of religious traditions, it could apply to the creation, evolution, and intelligent designs debate because if the wrong speaker is chosen, the students may only see a small representation of likely one side of the argument. It is suggested in this case to have them watch a debate, where they could see two or mare perspectives at one time interacting with one another. 3.) Another alternative is to take students on field tripsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Constitutional tests can be applied to the above suggestions for teaching evolution, creationism, and intelligent design in public schools. For the Lemon test, it could pass for the secular purpose if done not to p romote any particular religion but as an opportunity for studentsââ¬â¢ autonomy and it must be optional. Allowing it in the schools as an elective covering multiple viewpoints does not advance religion(s) by forcing it on anyone nor does it hinder religion(s) by keeping it from anyone. Keeping out of the science classroom can help to prevent excessive entanglement. Including the teaching of evolution, creationism, and intelligent design with the latter two as an elective could pass the Sherbert test because as an elective the course does not interfere with the practice of religion(s), the compelling interest could be met because keeping it separate avoids excessive entanglement and uses science time for science instead of debates that distract from class time, also avoiding a possible altercation or mob scene. Even though the teaching of evolution, creationism, and intelligent design could in some cases be seen to promote religion just by allowing it in there, if communicated cle arly, it could pass because it is promoting the optional study of religion(s) and without favoring one over another, or encouraging not discouraging any religion. Teaching evolution, creationism, and intelligent design in public schools withShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Stephanie Hanes Effect : The Disney Princess Effect1216 Words à |à 5 Pageshad very little influence on this reality. Stephanie Hanes, the author of ââ¬Å"Little Girls or Little Women? The Disney Princess Effect,â⬠discusses how little girls feel they must grow up too soon. There are several other women introduced throughout her essay whom share similar thoughts. Moms all over the world may have varying opinions on this subject; however, the women that Stephanie chose to display in her work, at least the majority of them, agree that Disney princesses might be the culprit of thisRead More The Powerful Words of Amy Tan, Maxine Hairston, and Mike Rose1312 Words à |à 6 Pagesin math and science and earned her B .A. in English and Linguistics. She describes that her educational choices were rebellious in nature. In Tans essay she describes the hardships of growing up with a mother who encountered problems with the English language. When I was growing up, my mothers limited English limited my perception of her, Tan explains. She describes situations where her mother was treated rudely and explains that apologies were always proposed when Tan would interrupt with flawlessRead MoreMulti Tasking Persuasive Essay1334 Words à |à 6 Pagesof chips and a soda within armââ¬â¢s reach. This might seem like the ultimate in convenience, but the sheer volume of choices and forms of mental stimulation can wreak havoc with your ability to focus on important tasks, such as writing your college essays.ââ¬Å"In the age of digital distraction,â⬠writes Lucy Jo Palladino, author of Find Your Focus Zone(pg.211), ââ¬Å"we function at new levels of stimulation and anxiety. The internet spews information like a firehose, but to digest information we need to sipRead MoreTechnology And Conversation : Technology971 Words à |à 4 PagesShabnam Ojani Professor Ryan Fletcher 09/21/2015 Essay 1 Technology and conversation It is amazing how everyoneââ¬â¢s life is changing by through us of technology. ââ¬Å"Technology by definition means, the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure scienceâ⬠(Technology). Today people use different kinds of technology like:Read MoreDisadvantages Of Genetic Engineering1663 Words à |à 7 Pagesimportant because it has a direct relation to the survival of various species and populations. Furthermore, genetic engineering techniques such as, selective breeding, cloning embryos, selective abortion, and many more, interrupt the relationship between biodiversity and species. These interrupt the relationship by affecting the composition of the human genome pool, by increasing or decreasing different genotypes. Meaning, when doing any of these types of genetic engineering, we are disrup ting biodiversityRead MoreHealth Care in the Buddha, Sikh and Bahaââ¬â¢i Faiths Essay1277 Words à |à 6 Pagespractical means at which the health of individuals can be promoted. The secular perspective of religion is considered a contributing factor which broadens the unique religious contribution and individualââ¬â¢s concern to spiritual dimensions. However, the essay to be discussed is on the issue of the spiritual perspective of individuals from different religious faith, and our main religious focus will be on the Buddhist religion, Sikh religion and the Bahaââ¬â¢i religious faith. Elaborations will also be madeRead MoreFrankenstein and Robert Walton975 Words à |à 4 PagesDangerous Knowledgeââ¬âAn Analytical Essay on ââ¬Å"Frankensteinâ⬠The pursuit of discovery and knowledge are thrilling aspects of human achievement, but can also be very dangerous if not handled correctly. In Mary Shelleyââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Frankenstein,â⬠Shelley portrays these two aspects of accomplishment as dangerous, destructive, and even fateful. Shelley begins her novel with an ambitious seafarer named Robert Walton. Walton is determined to reach the North Pole, where he may ââ¬Å"tread a land never before imprinted byRead MoreThe Disastrous Consequences of a Nuclear War1374 Words à |à 6 Pageswriter to highlight the consequences of a nuclear war. Sagan is successful in conveying his message through a coherent structure, strong support, effective tone and careful word selection; however, the exaggerated pessimism and ineffectiveness of the essay in a modern context weakens his argument. Writer provides a series of facts to inform the public and policymakers of the catastrophic consequences of a thermo-nuclear war. The most severe among these consequences is a drastic drop in the worldââ¬â¢sRead MoreSherry Turkle Is Wrong in Some Ways Essay1337 Words à |à 6 Pagesdoes not mean Sherry Turkle is absolutely right. Just like that you canââ¬â¢t say the viewpoints of an argument essay must be right, if there is a mount of examples. In recent years, teenagers were born and being raised in an environment of cellphones, televisions and computers. I have a strong feeling about high technology life. Just like now, teachers require us to use laptops writing an essay; more and more online classes are available in our school schedules. There is no doubt that Turlke does doRead MoreLife Of Our Time As A Student1747 Words à |à 7 Pagesconsultant, I was a bit nervous ââ¬â or more accurately, I was very nervous! Although I had plenty of experience working as either a tutor or a teacherââ¬â¢ assistant, I realized that most of my experience dealt with teaching math and science. In my mind, I believed that math and science were less fluid and more structured, and their clear and concrete answers made the tutorââ¬â¢s job easy by providing the educator with an answer that was undisputable. Before my job as a writing consultant began, I admitted in
Friday, May 15, 2020
A Review of Contemporary Management Ideas and Practices - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2486 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Review Level High school Did you like this example? A Review of Contemporary Management Ideas and Practices At the heart of any organisation lies its culture in which are found the philosophies on how to work together and individually, how to treat customers, and how to generate revenue or keep the business operating successfully. Leaders and even middle managers are concerned with meeting some key goals tied to customers, products, and revenue, but they sometimes do not pay attention to the culture. The overriding beliefs and behaviours in the organisation that truly determine the ability to hit those key goals or not (Ford 2008: 1). Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Review of Contemporary Management Ideas and Practices" essay for you Create order It is the culture that determines how things get done, whether it is in a good or bad way, and it provides the mechanism for changing strategies and responding to competition or causing the demise of a merger or creating silos of isolation and conflict (Ford 2008: 2). Therefore, effectively managing culture in a way that addresses problems and helps everyone in the organisation embrace this culture will provide a strong foundation for accomplishing all the organisations strategic objectives. This paper will critically evaluate both the assumptions and methods put forward by various writers, including Edgar Schein, to effectively manage organisational culture as an integral component of management practices and strategic success. Understanding Organisational Culture As part of social science, the study of culture has been around for many decades as a means of better understanding how it plays a role in the ââ¬Å"functioning of societyâ⬠(Denison and Mishra 1995: 204). In recent years, business theorists began to look at the organisation of companies in the same manner, understanding that the same socialisation process could be applied to a business that previously might have just been seen as an intangible thing rather than a living organism that was made up of individual and collective behaviours. One book described culture as the result of ââ¬Å"group learning experiences in which a number of people face a problem and work out a solution togetherâ⬠(Miner 2007: 321). This could mean that one organisation develops a culture that can provide them with a competitive advantage whilst another may focus on ethical or environmental standards and still another may look to create a culture that is geared toward customers or techno logical innovation (Sims 2002: 301). Whatever the case, the culture is directed toward a particular belief about one of those areas that serves to direct all the organisations approach to strategy as well as its interaction with the external and internal environments. That would certainly describe what is happening with business today as products and services are framed around finding solutions whilst internal processes are devised to solve internal problems. Other issues on an internal scale are also being linked to culture, especially when it comes to large firms caught up in scandals riddled with a lack of ethics like Enron and many of the recent lending practices in the U.S. and the U.K. that led to the credit crunch, in which the blame was placed firmly on the shoulders of the leaders and the culture that they had developed that might have promoted greed and a lack of ethical behaviours (Pfister 2009: 2). Now that this understanding is becoming more readily accepted within organisational studies, theories on business culture and how it is being managed have begun to be formulated with a diverse array of ideas about how it plays out within management practice and organisational development (Martin 1992: 4. One of the earliest proponents of an organisational culture theory was Edgar Schein who believed that organisational culture was comprised of ââ¬Å"assumptions, values, and artefactsâ⬠(Hatch 1993: 657). His perspective was based on a functional perspective in which these three components, which help to explain specific standards, beliefs, and ideals, form the basis of how to react to and cope with other factors that would help existing workers and new members to perceive and think about these factors in the same way to achieve a ââ¬Å"normalâ⬠way in which to address existing problems or issues (Schein 1988: 12). In this way, Scheins theory illustrated that culture was a multi-layered intangible within a company that was first based on visible organizational structures and processes known as artefacts that were then connected to the organisations values (the strategies, philosophies, and goals) as well as to the basic underlying assumptions in an organisation, which is comprised of those beliefs that are ââ¬Å"a givenâ⬠or that are ââ¬Å"taken for grantedâ⬠(Schein 1992: 2). Similarly, Rousseau saw culture as a multi-layered, ring-like framework in which there are both visible and invisible signs and feelings of an organisations culture both of which must be addressed (1990: 158), illustrating that it is both tangible and intangible aspect of daily operations. Since then, a number of theories have evolved from this early definition to envision organisational culture as a combination of these components as well as symbols and processes, which provide fluidity and flexibility for cultures to shift and change based on both dynamic internal and external factors (Hatch 1993: 657). There are three key theoretical views of culture in organisations that help to explain how culture works and what it achieves. First, the integrative theory sees culture as a means of achieving some sort of a consensus across the organisation in which there is general agreement and united effort toward a common goal and purpose (Martin 2002: 94). The differentiation theory maintains that there may be subcultures or groups within an organisation that share a common belief but that may diverge from an overall consensus (Martin 2002: 94). Then, there is the fragmentation theory, which maintains that there may always be ambiguity and conflict within any type of culture but that it is necessary in order to adapt, be flexible, and be open to change (Martin 2002: 94). These last two theories contend that these types of organisational cultures are often found in large organisations, particularly those that are global in nature (Bush 2003: 160). There are also typologies of organi sational cultures that have been developed within theoretical frameworks as a way to categorise certain approaches to developing a culture. For instance, Quinn McGrath (1985: 318) created four types of organisational structuresHierarchy, Market, Adhocracy, and Clan) that correlated with four cultural typesHierarchical, Rational, Ideological, and Consensual. These have then been used as benchmarks for organisations that are looking to adapt their cultures or bring structure to what has become a fragmented culture in order to take advantage of the of cultural types and accompanying behaviours and ideals in hopes of improving their performance. Theories on Managing Organisational Culture Since many theorists contend that organisational culture very much impacts an organisations ability to attract and retain talent, achieve specific performance levels that achieve profitability, and grow and expand operations (Denison and Mishra 1995: 204), it is clear that culture must be crafted, shaped, and managed in an effective way in order for it to help those within the organisation realise certain strategic objectives. This is especially important in a business environment that is becoming more turbulent and unstable as well as one that requires specific cultural change when the external environment and demands shift as well as dynamic internal changes occur, especially when dealing with mergers of two organisations with different cultures (Ashkanasy et al. 2000: 261). For example, one study found a direct correlation between company performance, using annual growth rates in sales, equity ratio, and the rate of return on its total assets, when study 88 Japanese o rganisations of various sizes (Kono 1990: 11). The highest performance rates were in those companies that had a vitalised, follow the leader culture and a vitalised culture versus those cultures that were stagnant, follow the leader and stagnant, and bureaucratic (Kono 1990: 12). Often, the cultures that were stagnant and bureaucratic were found in the larger organisations as well as those that had older employees versus those organisations that were newer, younger, and more flexible in their cultures (Kono 1990: 17). Hence, a number of traits have to be in place and carefully managed to formulate an organisational culture that will become embedded in the organisation and become part of the daily behaviours of all that work there. One theory of organisational culture suggests that there are four key traits that management must nurture, namely consistency, adaptability, involvement, and mission (Denison and Mishra 1995: 204). These traits also involve other effective behavio urs that have been identified for helping an organisational culture focus on the right aspects of business, and these include ââ¬Å"flexibility, openness, and responsivenessâ⬠as ââ¬Å"strong predictors of growthâ⬠(Denison and Mishra 1995: 204). Additionally, other behaviours that are essential with a business culture include profitability predictors, such as ââ¬Å"integration, direction, and visionâ⬠(Denison and Mishra 1995: 204). Even more current literature suggests the need for an organisational culture to focus on these three behaviours as a formula for success. Schein referred to the development and management of these traits as cultural embedding, which is primarily the responsibility of an organisations leader and management team based on what they determine are the most important values, traits, and goals to have for the organisation to achieve what it intends to do (Miner 2007: 321). It is the set of ideologies that an organisations leader has, according to existing theories on the subject, which will direct how the culture is developed and what ideals and values are encouraged (Ashkanasy et al. 2000: 262). In order to maintain the cultural embedding and ensure the right culture is developed at both the overall level and among the developing subculture framework, it is then up to the leader and management to ensure some types of control mechanisms are in place over the tangible and intangible aspects of the organisation, including the ââ¬Å"(1) organizational structure and design, (2) organizational procedures and systems, (3) the design of buildings and physical space, (4) stories and myths regarding important people and events, and (5) formal statements of organizational philosophies and missionsâ⬠(Miner 2007: 321). A similar school contends that the notion of organisational culture is based on the premise that people within an organisation act out their roles and responsibilities in response to how t hey define the concept of work and how their organisation rewards or punishes that definition of work, which then determines how they respond to those cultural beliefs (Chan 2000: 83; Alvesson 1993: 118). As such, managers would need to shape their organisational culture in such a way to help influence their workers definition of the concept of work so that they can maximise their talent and increase productivity in order to achieve their objectives. Again, this returns to the notion of cultural embedding where the management and leadership must imbue this culture into each individual within their organisation to influence beliefs and behaviours (Chan 2000: 83). Because many of the concepts involved in culture tend to be intangible and somewhat hidden, including beliefs and values that may be hard to discern or articulate, the available management theories contend that it is up the leadership to take up the cause and communicate what the values and beliefs mean on a regular and consistent basis as part of the embedding process (Bush 2003: 160; Smircich 1985: 58). Additionally, the theories contend that leadership must also take up the cause of culture by creating and encouraging specific rituals and ceremonies, such as reward programmes, employee meetings, and other tactics that are designed to reinforce the values and beliefs of the organisations (Bush 2003: 161). Effective intervention by leadership in an organisation can help adjust the culture to where it should be in order to meet strategic objectives. Theorists believe that leadership can enact this type of cultural shift through consensus building with the organisational members, focusing on trust and relationship-building both internally and externally, directing high levels of communication and feedback throughout the organisation, providing the necessary training and knowledge transfer, and, most importantly, leading by example (Deal and Kennedy 1982: 189). These tactics by managemen t are particularly essential for larger organisations that may have subcultures, including those with multiple locations, which may need to change or adapt to an overall organisational shift in strategy or beliefs, such as a movement to an environmentally sensitive culture or a culture that is more customer-focused. Conclusions It is important to remember that, more often than not, theory is one thing and practice is something that is usually entirely different because it involves the dynamics of the real world as well as a wide range of human personalities, behaviours, and leadership styles that make organisational culture into its own specific process within a wide array of organisations. However, these theories provide a foundation for organisations to learn how to adapt their behaviours and beliefs to better achieve their performance goals and strategic objectives. It is the leadership that sets the tone and shapes the cultural structure just like the leader of a country convinces the majority of its citizens to uphold certain beliefs and values. So, too, will those managing the masses within an organisation as they are responsible for guiding how work is perceivedââ¬âand this can be in a positive or negative wayââ¬âwhich then determines how those within the culture will enact it with each other, customers, and other stakeholders. Leading the way must be the head of the organisation along with the entire management team who can articulate and reward the behaviours and beliefs that they see as their ideal organisational culture, helping those within the organisation better understand the types of tangible and intangible components are essential for success. References Alvesson, M. (1993). Cultural Perspectives on Organisations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Ashkanasy, N.M., Wilderom, C., and Peterson, M.F. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of Organizational Culture and Climate. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Inc. Bush, T. (2003). Theories of Educational Leadership and Management. London, UK: Sage Publications, Ltd. Chan, A. (2000). Critically Constituting Organization. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Deal T. and Kennedy, A. A. (1982). Corporate Cultures. Reading, Massachusetts.: Addison-Wesley. Denison, D.R. and Mishra, A.K. (1995) ââ¬Å"Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness.â⬠Organization Science, Vol. 6, No.2, 204-223. Ford, L. (2008). The Fourth Factor: Managing Corporate Culture. Indianapolis, Indiana: Dog Ear Publishing. Hatch, M.J. (1993). ââ¬Å"The dynamics organizational culture.â⬠The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 18, No. 4, 657-693. Kono, T. (1990). ââ¬Å"Corporate culture and long range planning.â⬠Long Range Planning, 9-19. Martin, J. (1992). Cultures in Organizations Three Perspectives. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Martin, J. (2002). Organisational Culture: Mapping the Terrain. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Inc. Miner, J.B. (2007). Organizational Behavior: From Theory to Practice. New York: M.E. Sharpe Inc. Pfister, J.A. (2009). Managing Organizational Culture for Effective Internal Control. Berlin, Germany: Physica-Verlag. Quinn, R. E. and McGrath, M. R. (1985). ââ¬Å"The transformation of organizational cultures: A competing values perspective.â⬠In Frost, P.J. et al. (Eds.), Organizational Culture, Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications, 315-334. Rousseau, D. M. (1990). ââ¬Å"Assessing organisational culture: The case for multiple methods. In Schneider, B. (Ed.), Organisational Climate and Culture, Oxford, UK: Jossey-Bass. Schein, E.H. (1988). Org anizational Culture. Sloan School of Management Working Papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Schein, E.H. (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2nd Edition. San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass. Sims, R.R. (2002). Managing Organizational Behavior. Westport, Connecticut: Quorum Books. Smircich, L. (1985). ââ¬Å"Is the concept of culture a paradigm for understanding organizations and ourselves?â⬠In Frost, P.J. et al. (Eds.), Organizational Culture, Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications, 55-72.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
A Man for All Season and Machiavellis Doctrine...
A Man For All Season and Machiavellis Doctrine: Reiteration of History A Man For All Seasons, a play written by Robert Bolt, in essence is both a moral play and a historical play. Sir Thomas More, a man of the greatest virtue this kingdom has ever produced (Dean Swift), is famous for choosing to suffer death rather than swearing to an oath that would counter his principles. Sir More had acquired a high position of Lord Chancellery under the reign of King Henry VIII, but stepped down since he could not do what the king had asked of him since this action would conflict with his beliefs and conscience. From that time, Sir More was in disagreement with King Henrys divorce, which led him to his own doom. Realizing that Sir More would notâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ãâ¦That from mean to great fortune, people rise rather by fraud, than by force. These fortunes are all those causes of historical change that are beyond the deliberate, rational control of men. People became so involved questioning the principles of Machiavellis prince that they do not realize that effectiveness of power is more important than the morality of the principle. For this reason, Machiavelli was considered to be the devil incarnate when he wrote The Prince. The term Machiavellian, was born after publishing the book during the Elizabethan era, symbolizing a leader marked with cruelty and ruthlessness. The Machiavellian tactic is the acting in accordance with the principles of government, in which politics is placed before morality or power over values. The tactic involves use of deceit to maintain authority and carry out the policies of a ruler. From The Prince, Machiavelli was explaining how people struggle for power and authority. Machiavelli got the idea during the military scandal in 1499, from his first diplomatic mission to France (1500), and from his acquaintance with Cesare Borgia (1502). Machiavelli influenced the court of the king, and King Henry VIII himself during his reigning years, by using Machiavellian scheming. King Henry VIII made some compromise to public response by canceling some of the financial obligations of those who had been subjected to extortion in the interest of the public during theShow MoreRelatedA Man For All Season And Machiavellis Doctrine: Reiteration Of History1881 Words à |à 8 Pages A Man For All Seasons, a play written by Robert Bolt, in essence is both a moral play and a historical play. Sir Thomas More, a man of the greatest virtue this kingdom has ever produced (Dean Swift), is famous for choosing to suffer death rather than swearing to an oath that would counter his principles. Sir More had acquired a high position of Lord Chancellery under the reign of King Henry VIII, but stepped down since he could not do what the king had asked of him since this action would conflict
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Romeo And Juliet Literary Analysis Essay Example For Students
Romeo And Juliet Literary Analysis Essay A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare ROMEO: But soft! What light through yonder window breaks?It is the East, and Juliet is the sun!Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,Who is already sick and pale with griefThat thou her maid art far more fair than she.Be not her maid, since she is envious.Her vestal livery is but sick and green,And none but fools do wear it. Cast it off.It is my lady; O, it is my love!O that she knew she were!She speaks, yet she says nothing. What of that?Her eye discourses; I will answer it.I am too bold; tis not to me she speaks.Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven,Having some business, do entreat her eyesTo twinkle in their spheres till they return.What if her eyes were there, they in her head?The brightness of her cheek would shame those starsAs daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in heavenWould through the airy region stream so brightThat birds would sing and think it were not night.See how she leans her cheek upon her hand!O that I were a glove upon that hand,That I might touch that cheek!
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